Waiting Line Essay

The growing economic importance of service activities, however, has broadened the scope of MM function (in fact, the course will Ochs more on service facilities). Large scale globalization, short product life cycle and more informed customers means that successful management of operations, careful design and efficient utilization of resources is an absolute must not only to add to the bottom line of a firm, but even for its mere survival. MM is a highly dynamic and expanding field of management. In this course, we will study both manufacturing and service operations, emphasizing their differences as well as similarities.We will examine the role of operations management in the organization by exploring a number of concepts and techniques. The interaction of operations with other business areas and environmental factors, and how operations management can contribute to the achievement of organizational goals, also will be discussed. ; Course Learning Outcomes The objective of the course is to develop your understanding of the major concepts and trade-offs involved in making MM decisions. At the end of this course, you will: 1 . Recognize the important role of operations in an organization's success 2.Develop a comprehensive understanding of operational issues and decisions and how they relate to each other, and to other areas of the organization and its environment 3. Understand related operational and economical concepts and techniques 4. Apply these techniques At the end of the course, you will be able to: 1. Identify the fundamental managerial trade-off in an operations decision environment 2. Develop a decision model and formulate an appropriate objective 3. Evaluate alternative solutions and analyze the objective to optimize the decision 4.The textbooks are not required, out are recommended. I en problems at ten Ana AT every chanter In ten textbooks are useful in preparing for the midterm and final exams. The textbooks are also reserved for your use in the Bu siness Library. ; Lecture Notes: A required course package will be sold through the Management Undergraduate Society. The course package contains the following: Allurement (1998) article, one case study, and player manual for Simulation Game. The course slides, sample midterm and final questions, end-officiate practice questions will be posted on Web.Important Note: We may skip some of the course notes during classroom discussions and we will be covering quantitative material not covered in these notes. Most of this material is also available online/on Web for download. I will also post additional materials on WEB. Please check WEB at least once before and after each lecture for posted announcements, and materials.There will be two problem set assignments during the course. These assignments will be quantitative ones, each worth 7. 5% of the total marks. Each assignment will be due in approximately a week (the exact dates will be announced later on).You can complete and submit your assignments as a group. The maximum number of students that can be in an assignment group is 4. The assignments turned in by groups of 5 or more students will not be accepted. On the other hand, you are alcove to submit an assignment that you have prepared alone. The solutions will be made available after the due-date. It is important to include your all pages together. Late submissions will not be accepted. If you miss a class, your mailed assignment, postmarked no later than the due date, will be accepted as on-time.There will be one midterm and one final exam to test your understanding of the material covered in the course. Both the midterm and the final exams are compulsory, closed book and closed notes. Students are not allowed to bring any additional material and information related to the exams. A formula sheet will be provided together with the exam. The formula sheets for the midterm and for the final can be downloaded from WEB. Note that missing an exam is an issue that yo u will have to settle first with the B. Com office. The course policy is not to offer make-up exams.GRADES The grades for the midterm and the assignments will be posted on WEB. Please check the course page whenever a new grade is available and immediately inform the instructor if there is a discrepancy. In accord with McGill University Charter of Students' Rights, students in this course have the right to submit in English or in French any written work that is to be graded. There will be 1 case study assignment in the course, and it should be done in group of 6. The case study is: Delays at Logan Airport. This case is included in the course package.A number of questions will be provided during the course for the case, which should serve as a basis for group discussion and case report. These questions will be of two types. One type of questions will have a calculator figure ( ) indicating the involvement of a quantitative analysis. The other type of questions are to initiate broader discussion of the case study based on the managerial insights that can be developed from quantitative questions, case discussion among the group members and use of strategic operations management and related concepts.The full case study report should not exceed 5-pages typewritten, one-and-half-spaced, using default margins and 12-point type. Your report should start with an executive summary (maximum 0. 5 pages), which summarizes your findings. The main body of the report should present a detailed discussion based on the provided questions and your analysis of the quantitative questions. Prepare an action-oriented advisory report, which presents concisely your analysis and recommendations for solution of the primary management problems.Make sure you demonstrate that you have thought through your recommendations and the effects on other related activities. Also demonstrate that you understand the concepts and tools from the class that apply. Clearly state your assumptions. Be select ive. Do not restate case facts. Summary tables in the text are encouraged for quantitative information. In addition to the report, you may supply any number of figures (visual representations of information contained in the text), and at most four exhibits. Make sure these are referenced in the text.Do not use the exhibits to violate the page limit. The report should stand alone, and the exhibits should provide only the documentation or details of a technical analysis. The exhibits must be easily understood and all variables defined properly and all assumptions stated clearly. Discuss limitations of your analysis or recommendations. These might include assumptions you made but do not feel comfortable with, or impediments to success that may prove more difficult than you expect. Discuss potential disadvantages of your recommendations.

Michelle Obama Analysis

October 9, 2012 Written Analysis 1) Speech Goal: What is the goal of the speech? What does the speaker want the listener to do? * The overall goal for Michelle Obama’s speech s to inform the audience that her husband, President Barack Obama is for the people. She wants them to realize that he can relate to every class in America. He has struggled with the same problems that America is facing today at some point in his life. The speaker wants the audience to appreciate who they have as a leader and to be confident enough to re-elect him again. 2) Speech Organization: What is the overall organizational structure of the message? Remember Chapters 11, 12, 13, 14) * The overall message was in a motivated sequence with the 5 steps, attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action. 3) Speakers Role: What kind of relationship has the speaker established with the audience? Does he or she speak from a position of power? As an equal? How does this role established by the speaker influence the speech’s effectiveness * Mrs. Obama creates a more equal relationship rather than being superior to the audience even though she has a great deal of power on her back.She speaks to them from an eye to eye perspective. The way the speaker shows the audience how much they can actually relate, the audience is prone to find favor in their similar situations and is more likely to gain a liking for him. This speech is very effective because the audience can see that President Obama and his wife feels what they feel and they know what’s it like to have issues. They didn’t grow up rich, without experiencing the downfalls of society; they had to climb that ladder of success as normal American’s. ) Speaker’s Tone: What is the overall tone, or â€Å"feel,† of the message? How does the speaker use supporting material and delivery clues to establish an overall tone of speech? * This speech has a tone of hope and equality. After hearing this speech you can’t help but feel hopeful that things will get better. The first lady helps you see that it’s possible to make it. There is hope for every family that wants to send their children to college just like there is hope for every family who has soldiers serving their country.Not only that, but there is a sense of equality in the speakers tone to help the audience relate to a much further extent. 5) Speakers Techniques: What does the speaker do to establish credibility? Does the speaker use logical arguments, tell effective and interesting stories, use emotional appeals, and use interesting and precise language? * The speaker creates credibility by basically saying she’s been in their footsteps, especially with her father having a disability and with him being a father and sending his children to college even if he did have to take out loans when he fell short.The speaker does use logical arguments, tells effective and interesting stories, use emotional appeals, and use interesting and precise language. The speaker shows her sincerity in everything she says which shows the audience how much passion is behind every word and scenario. 6) Audience: Who is the intended audience? How effectively and appropriate does the speaker connect to the interest, needs and background of the audience? How does the speaker make the connection with the audience? The intended audience is more of the middle class, she states a lot of issues that middle class people go through, even as growing up as a middle class child, and she went through those same issues. She connects with them by being able to say, â€Å"Yes I’ve been there, and Yes I’ve made it through. † 7) What was your favorite aspect of the speech, and why? * My favorite aspect is how she gives the audience that reassurance that even though times may be hard right now that it is not the end.You have to believe in America and hope for the best. No country or President is p erfect. We have to have our President’s back and show we that we have faith in him. 8) Why is this activity relevant? What do you learn from watching speeches? * This activity was very relevant because as young adults, we need to be more in tuned with what’s going on in our society. We see how the speaker comes across to America by noticing several points that we’ve discussed in class. We learn what to do to improve as speakers ourselves.

History of the Event Industry Essay

Throughout the years the event industry has gained a major place in everyday life. From the first events of the 19th century, such as the Great Exhibition, to a 2012 music festival. The event industry has developed a huge help to our country’s economy. To the extent of which the â€Å"government is supporting and promoting events as part of their strategies for economic development† (Bowdin and Allen, 2006). There are several types of events. Nowadays, there is almost an event for anything imaginable. First, we will analyse what exactly an event is and the different type of events, then we will be looking at the origins of years. Therefore, we will be able to estimate the future of events. First, there are several definitions of event from different authors. Accepted Practices Exchange Industry Glossary (2003) defines an event as â€Å"an organized occasion such as a meeting, convention, exhibition, special event, gala dinner, etc. An event is often composed of several different yet related functions†. Events enable people to meet up and exchange. There is a large variety of events within four main categories: leisure events, cultural events, organizational events and personal events. Leisure events are an important and growing part of the event industry. Indeed, sport events can generate a huge amount of money for a country because they do not only attract the locals, they attract tourists. Therefore, advertisement comes in thanks to the media coverage, generating extra money. Sport events not only bring benefits(to their host governments and sport organisations, but also benefit participants such as players, coaches and officials, and bring entertainment to spectators (Bowdin and Allen, 2006, p. 20). Cultural events can be ceremonial, sacred, heritage, artistic or musical (Shone and Parry, 2004). Events like these are highly linked with tourism, so they generate income for the event hosts and for the community as the tourists do not usually only go to the event, they stay in hotels, go shopping, etc. Most towns are known thanks to the festivals they host, for instance, Reading is known for the music festival named after the town, the Reading Festival. Organisational events include sales, conferences, charities, politic meetings, business meetings, etc. If we look into conferences, Rogers defines conferences as â€Å"an out-of-office meeting of at least four hours duration involving a minimum of eight people† (Rogers, 2003 p.19). For instance, the G20 conference reunites the leaders of the top 20 world economies to discuss the current situation and make important decisions. These conferences have high importance so the planning of the event has to be perfect. Finally, personal events are the last type of event. It can include weddings, birthdays, anniversaries or funera ls. Personal events are smaller than the other type of events. Weddings are very popular in the event industry; people spend a lot of money on their weddings therefore expecting a perfect organisation. Personal events are supposedly events where the host has a personal link with every guest and the event is usually put together for one or two people. Having seen all the different types of events, we can now analyse the history of the event industry. First of all, the event industry began when events needed trained event managers. However, historically, the organisation of small events did not require any specific expertise. For instance, a wedding would be managed by the bride’s mother. Some families still do it that way; however, some people prefer to pay a professional event manager to avoid having to do the numerous tasks and to avoid the stress involved in organising such an important event. Therefore, event managers began to emerge. Moreover, when big events emerged, an event manager was essential. Such as, the Great Exhibition at the Crystal Palace in 1851 which was â€Å"conceived to symbolize this industrial, military and economic superiority of Great Britain.† (http://www.victorianstation.com/palace.html, 2001 [online]). It was an event recognized almost everywhere in the world which hugely helped the British economy as it was a great way to promote their industry. According to Dale (1995) the Great Exhibition was a big success which hosted over 6 million visitors. The event made a considerable profit of over  £180 000 (Exhibition Committee, 1995). This was the first big international trade show and therefore many exhibition venues started emerging, for instance, the Royal Agricultural Hall in 1862 or Olympia a few years later (Bowdin and Allen, 2006, p.6). So the 1850’s is when the organisational events started to emerge but the sport events started many years before that. Indeed, sport events, such as, the equestrian event called the Royal Ascot appeared in 1711 and the famous Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race in 1829. The UK is known for its sporting events and most of them are originally from the eighteenth and nineteenth century. Sporting events were very popular at the time and still are, so they kept emerging throughout the years. For example, the FA Cup emerged in 1872 and Wimbledon appeared in 1877 which is a huge success in the tennis world and it represented the higher class in the British society. These events attracted many visitors, therefore â€Å"providing major benefits for local economies† (English Tourism, 1999). Cultural events such as, music festivals began to come forth in the event industry from the early 1870’s with the Workington Festival. Later in that period, the Last Night of the Proms appeared which is probably one of the biggest music events in the world (Bowdin and Allen, 2006, p.7). The Last Night of the Proms was set up to encourage people who would not normally attend to classical concerts but who would be attracted by the low ticket prices and a laid-back atmosphere. Robert Newman, the founder of the event, (Nedal, 2010,[online]) announced his goals as such: â€Å"I am going to run nightly concerts and train the public by easy stages. Popular at first, gradually raising the standard until I have created a public for classical and modern music.† After noticing the growth of events, Wood (1982) drew attention to the start of the event industry. She recognised that organising popular celebrations required wealth for people to participate therefore bank holidays emerged, such as, the Silver Jubilee and the Golden Jubilee. These bank holidays enabled the working class to participate in the events thanks to their paid days off. This is when the government starts paying more attention to the event industry. After the Second World War, events are recognised to be of high importance to the economy of the country. Indeed, hundreds of festivals emerged thanks to the general increase of wealth and the free time availability. Foreign cultural events increased as well, for instance, the West Indian community founded the Notting Hill Carnival in 1964 to celebrate and commemorate their ancestors’ freedom from slavery (Holder, 2001). Around the 1970’s, a large amount of popular music festivals appeared, for example, the Pilton Festival and the Isle of Wight Festival. The Isle of Wight festival was a huge success on the popularity front but it had a few organisational issues. The entry fee became free as they lost control of admissions due to an overcrowded venue. After that incident, the Isle of Wight festival stopped for a few years (Bowdin and Allen, 2006, p.9). Moreover, from the 1970’s, the government and the local authorities financed a range of new multipurpose venues, including the Wembley Exhibition Centre. From then onwards, development of outdoor and indoor venues has not stopped increasing. With the increase of events, event is turning into a professional sector. We have seen how the event industry has developed, however, now we will look at the technological changes and the transport improvements that have revolutionised events. First, the appearance of the television had a big impact on events. It enabled people to watch any given event whilst sitting in a sofa; therefore, any event that was broadcasted on television had a considerably larger audience. The Los Angeles Olympic Games was one of the first events to be broadcasted on television. It was a great success as the economic benefits were very high (Bowdin and Allen, 2006, p.10). We will now analyse the relatively recent Olympic Games to demonstrate how the technological changes and the transport improvements made the events so successful compared to the past Olympic Games. First, transport made the games more accessible. The number of flights increased so the speed of travel was faster and more regular. In addition, huge container ships, super tankers, appeared making it easier for the hosting countries to import a huge amount of material goods for the establishment of the venues and the sport facilities. So it made the Olympics bigger in size which meant that there was a bigger audience and more sport athletes. Furthermore, the appearance of computers made life much easier for event managers as they could do all their organisation plans on their PC and virtually design the whole event. When internet emerged it made communication much easier and more efficient. Indeed, for someone to receive an email it takes around 3 seconds which is a bonus for stressed event managers who need to have quick answers. Computing and event managing went to another level when Skype appeared. â€Å"The service allows users to communicate with peers by voice using a microphone, video by using a webcam, and instant messaging over the Internet.† (Techspot, 2012 [online]). Skype enables organisers to have video conferences with each other wherever they might be. For example, if a meeting is taking place in London and one of the members is in Japan they can still have a live conversation with him on the computer screen. This probably often happened in the process of planning the London Olympics. Another technologic invention is the smartphone. Indeed, this is a very recent invention which can do a huge amount, on the move. The main advantage of smartphones is the applications available. Applications that can give you all the latest news about the Olympics live, or some can tell you the easiest way to get to the event. An application that is often used by smartphone owners is the QR barcode reader which is a new form of advertisement for businesses. The idea is that the smartphone acts like a barcode reader thanks to the camera so it can read any given QR code for the advert to appear on the smartphone’s screen. For example, when the Olympics had an advertisement for cheap tickets to see the games and it had a QR code, the smartphone owner could scan the code which would send them to the website to get the cheap tickets. All these applications made the Olympics much more accessible and just easier to gather information. Moreover, for the opening ceremony of the London Olympics, the lighting technology was highly impressive with all the latest technology. The pixel animations were made to draw the audience, in the arena and watching it on the television. It consisted making animations with the lights that where placed on the edge of every spectator in the stadium. â€Å"A total of 27 animated sequences, lasting 75 minutes, were created for the closing ceremony, using 634,500 individual LED pixels that together created what is believed to be the largest video screen† (Bond A.,2012 [online]). All this new technology used for the Olympics is one of the reasons why it was so popular. And it will, most likely, be used in future events. Putting the Olympics aside, a technological feature that has recently been used in a music festival is the hologram. â€Å"A hologram is a technique which enables three-dimensional images to be made† (Concert Boom, 2011, [online]). In a concert in the United States a well-known rapper who died in 1996, Tupac, appeared on stage in 3D. â€Å"A life-size hologram of Tupac who stunned the crowd of 75,000 fans when he appeared onstage† (Fitzmaurice and Mcconnell, 2012, [online]). It shows to what extent technology can go in the event world. After seeing how the event industry has changed, it raises the question of where the event industry is going. For many years, technology has not stopped emerging in events. Therefore, event managers have to adapt to the constant change of technology. Ecology is another factor that event managers have to be aware of. Indeed, the environment has become a big issue. Events, such as festival, are not usually environmentally friendly. Therefore, event managers will have to research different ways of avoiding damaging the environment which will change events. Due to the environmental changes, the price of transport will get higher because of the petrol shortage. Events will, therefore, be more expensive. Furthermore, health and safety regulations will most likely get stricter so events might lose a bit of their creative freedom. The event industry will have to adapt to the future changes in society to keep the society interested in events. Creativity with the use of technology, such as the use of the hologram, will keep the crowd interested. So the future of successful big events will be down to creativity, the use of technology and the environmental consequences of the event. However, even if big events will constantly evolve, it does not mean that traditional events, such as weddings, will change. Indeed, there is only a minimum of technology that a wedding needs to be successful. Therefore, unless the whole concept of a wedding changes, weddings will, more or less, stay the same. It will be the same for birthday celebrations and anniversaries. Throughout this paper, we have discovered that events have a considerable role in todays’ society and that events have evolved a huge amount throughout the years. By looking at the changes of events throughout the years, it should be possible to have an idea of the future of events. However, anything can happen and we do not know what new invention will see the light that will change the whole event industry. But the common idea seems to be that the technology and the environment are the two main factors that will change the big events, such as sport events, but the traditional events will not change. References Bond A. (2010) The greatest disco on Earth! Pixel animations turn Olympic Stadium into psychedelic light show. In MailOnline.[online] available from: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2187468/The-greatest-disco-Earth-Pixe

Operations Management Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Operations Management Case - Essay Example Aggregate planning, a medium-range capacity planning system that typically covers a time horizon of anywhere from 3 to 18 months, has as its goal that of achieving a production plan that effectively utilizes the firm’s resources to satisfy expected demand. Decisions have to be made on output rates, employment and inventory levels and changes, back orders, and subcontracting, in effect determining not only the output levels planned but also the appropriate resource input mix to be used. Before we tackle the solution, we summarize the basic assumptions for our calculations. Basic Assumptions Table 1 contains the 12-month demand forecast and our assumptions. Aside from the total output, number of workers, cost assumptions, and labor force parameters given in the problem, we would like to highlight some key assumptions not indicated in the statement of the problem but which have an effect on the solution. The first is the capacity cushion, which determines how much excess inventory we would like to have at the end of the month to act as a buffer for potential variations in demand. A high cushion level would entail inventory costs, while a low level would entail stock-out costs that were neither given. The given initial inventory level of 200 units is equivalent to 22 percent of maximum demand (900 units in October) and 29 percent of year-end demand (600 units). Working on the principles of zero stock-outs and the maximization of resources, we calculated the standard deviation in monthly demand as plus or minus 20 percent and made the convenient assumption to keep the capacity cushion at this level of production capacity or roughly 100 units per month.

The Role of Regional Fisheries Management Organisations in the Research Paper - 1

The Role of Regional Fisheries Management Organisations in the Conservation of Fish Stocks - Research Paper Example Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the Agreement came into effect on 4 August 1995 for the conservation and management of straddling fish stock, and highly migratory fish stocks. Part VII of the Agreement deals with living resources of the high seas through Article 116, Article 117, Article 118, Article 119 and Article 120. Before delving deep into the functions of the fisheries management organisations it is of great concern to know what the UNCLOS Articles state on the role of the regional fishery management organisations. Under Article117, the concerned state has a responsibility to follow with regard to its citizens assess for management of the marine resources of the high seas. Cooperation with other states in this regard is central to the conservation of marine resources on the high seas (UNCLOS). Under Article 118, the spirit of Article 117 is taken ahead through cooperation states shall take fresh steps and enter into accords with other states for commercially using the similar water resources or dissimilar water resources on the same region with the purpose of conserving the water resources. It is the responsibility of the states to set up regional or sub-regional fisheries organisations (UNCLOS). (a) found suitable as based on scientific knowledge on which the concerned states can depend upon for preserving the fish populations of cropped species at standards that ensure long-term production as based on suitable environmental and economic considerations, particularly of the developing countries, considering the fishing methods at all levels of fishing – regional, sub-regional and international; (b) States pay attention to the impact on the species related to or relying on harvested species with the aim of preserving fish populations of such related or relying on species beyond limits at which their populations could not be increased through breeding.

The amygdala is responsible for emotions. Discuss Essay

The amygdala is responsible for emotions. Discuss - Essay Example Along this line, man for centuries had thought about an ultimate purpose for his existence and place in the grand scheme of things. He had thought about God and what happens after a life here on earth. Man likewise has considered a lot of things in his life for which there are no easy answers as yet. Among these considerations is how to define consciousness. Consciousness is something humans easily understand but this concept has defied so far any attempts to define it in a precise manner. Perhaps a common definition is it is an awareness of anything at any given moment. However, it is certainly something that is mysterious but also familiar to most of us. Consciousness can be narrowly defined in medical terms such as a person who is alert and responsive to various stimuli but in psychology, consciousness is different. In the same manner, humans are also interested in knowing the ultimate cause of his own emotions. There is no question that thoughts originate in the brain but there h ad been some types of dispute with regard to the origin of our emotions. People of earlier times had ascribed it to our hearts as the seat of emotions. This view is common among the hopeless romantics in our midst but lately, science has indicated otherwise. Recent scientific research studies had shown us our emotions emanate from a part of our brain to an almond-shaped mass in our temporal lobes. Discussion Much of what is known today about human behaviors is through a new branch of science known as bio-psychology. It is known by many other names such as psycho-biology, biological psychology and physiological psychology. However named, it is a study of complex relationship between our biology and human behavior. In other words, this science attempts to find biological links to our own behavior and foremost among its research objectives is to find a logical solution or explanation for our emotions. In particular, this branch of science tries to find biological basis for emotions suc h as joy, pleasure, laughter, sorrow, pain and grief. To narrow it down further, it attempts to explain emotions in terms of physiology (or our various bodily living systems) and in particular, how the brain controls our thinking and behavior patterns (Alder, 2000, p. 5). This paper deals with some of the theories being put forward on how to explain emotions. Moreover, the discussion here can hopefully help to shed light on some perplexing behaviors that are sometimes observed in humans and maybe make people understand them a bit more. Like the issue of consciousness given as an example earlier, emotions are quite complex and do not easily lend themselves to categorizations in terms of their origins or causes. The debate on where and how emotions originate is a bit contentious just like what is that observed or discussed with regards to consciousness. Emotions and consciousness are two very closely related topics of interest to psychology, and questions such as how to detect emotion s or consciousness in ill or comatose people are important as well as how to measure them precisely, or whether animals have consciousness or even if artificial intelligence can eventually have it. Learned Behavior – the human mind is a complex thing to observe and is therefore very mysterious. Much of what has been known and learned about it sometimes came by accident. A strange case like that of Phineas Gage is often cited in medical literature to show that even more serious injury can occur to the brain but without

Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Literature - Essay Example Othello’s being an Alien in Venice and the gulf of culture, race and complexion—that exists between him and the Venetians—in an important theme in the tragedy in Othello. The theme of race and the themes of isolation and alienation can be combined because it is because of the race that the character of Othello considers himself alienated from the Venetian society. Shakespeare forced his audience to see Othello with the â€Å"bodily eye† of Iago. Othello tries to attach himself to the Venetian society on the basis of universal virtues such as love and loyalty. However, Iago’s attempt in realizing himself as an alien makes him to a step that takes him to his tragedy. Therefore, it is quite clear that Othello has evidently awareness of his race and color as different to Desdemona. This racial difference becomes a cause for his consideration that Desdemona has illicit relationships with Cassio. He also considers himself alienated from a society, which is not his. He tries to be a part of that society but he is always aware of his being different due to which, he is alienated and isolated. Like Othello, the themes of isolation and alienation in Everyday Use can also be assembled with the theme of race. The family of Maggie and Dee has an African background while Maggie remains stick to her traditions and culture while Dee wants to stay away from her culture, which is quite impossible. Dee belongs to African culture and she cannot deny this fact. Dee makes many friends, out of which, no one is sincere to her according to Maggie. Due to this fact, Dee is alienated from the society in which, she lives because of her racial identity for having an African background. Dee wants to connect to another culture and wants to leave her due to which, not only she becomes an alien to the new culture she wants to adopt but to her own culture

Politics and Economy of the Contemporary Middle East Essay

Politics and Economy of the Contemporary Middle East - Essay Example The main question is whether the uprisings were effective in meeting their goals. The people were not aware that after the revolution they would have to rebuild their countries. The revolution was experienced differently across different countries and the effects were felt across the region due to the destabilisation of trade and political sphere. The revolution that started in Egypt and Tunisia was unexpected and many were caught unawareness because of the number of people that came out to support the calls for change in the countries. This triggered a wave of pro-democracy protests across the region, with many achieving their goals. Essentially, the two countries had similar problems facing them mainly social-economic grievances and political objectives (Beinin & Vairel 2011:150). They knew that the only way of attaining their freedom was by changing the political class and instituting change starting from the highest office in the country. The major problem especially amongst the Tunisians and Egyptians was not that the economy was falling, their living standards were. The poor were experiencing harder economic times and the richer were enjoying the spoils without caring about those at the bottom (Anantram, Chase-Dunn & Reese 2010:605). A combination of high inflation rates, decreasing wages and high unemployment amongst t he middle and poor classes was disturbing. The people wanted changes but the government was not listening to the people. The leaders were buys looking the other side instead of creating platforms to improve the lives of their people. The demographic growths were also a point of concern because the jobs created were for the low-skilled and low-wage earners, yet the number was stagnant despite an increase in the population. Political oppression and repression was another cause of the revolution. Many of the basic

SAINT LOUIS ARENA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

SAINT LOUIS ARENA - Essay Example The arena was one of the most magnificent pieces of art and architectural designs that ever saw the light of the day. It stood from the time of its construction in 1929 up to the end of the nineteenth century in 1999. During the time of its standing, it was home to one of the most notable and reputable sporting outfits and franchises of the day such as the Saint Louis Arena Blues. It is important to note and mention that the Saint Louis Arena served as a mix of site for diverse and various sporting, social and political conventions of the time. To begin with, concerts, circuses, indoor soccer matches, circuses, horse shows and political rallies were all hosted within the realms of the Saint Louis Arena. Historically, the time of the construction of Saint Louis Arena, the world and the social or cultural disposition at the time was dynamic. It was the specific time period where the African American society was clamoring for an increase in the political and social space in the society. Thus, there was a clamor by the authorities and the powers that were at that point in time to stamp their authority as a distinguishing factor. This was aimed at creating a design and building which would mark and stamp the social influence and impact of the powers that were. Tentatively, in the year, 1904 when the World Fair had just been concluded and as culture and tradition dictated, it was the time for the annual hosting of the indoor games, horse and agricultural shows. The management of the municipality of the city did tear down the Saint Louis Music hall and the Saint Louis Arena Exposition and then built the Saint Louis Coliseum. The Saint Louis Coliseum was constructed with the objective or aim of hosting events and shows such as boxing matches (Greco 12). It is worth to highlight that the building which were torn down were a symbol of authority and show of pride.

International context in marketing and how media theories can be Essay

International context in marketing and how media theories can be apllied to ctreate strong relationship with consumers in the modern market - Essay Example ‘Marketing is an organizational function for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. It is a management process of anticipating, identifying and satisfying customer requirements profitably.’ (Berzins) Globalization has created revolutionary changes in all over the world. Most of the organizational principles have been redefined because of globalization. Most of the organizations believe that globalization has opened up the doors of immense possibilities for them and hence they are spending millions of dollars in finding the right strategies to exploit the possibilities. For a business organization, globalization has created immense opportunities for marketing their products in international market. But for exploiting the possibilities of the modern global market, organizations need to innovate marketing strategies along with the existing ones suitable for different countries. The business world has already developed several types of new marketing techniques like telemarketing, direct marketing, marketing through ads, sensory marketing, etc apart from the conventional marketing activities. Most of the big business tycoons are expanding their activities to overseas countries in order to capitalize the possibilities of globalization. Small or medium scale businesses are suffering because of the immense competition from the MNCs. It is difficult for the small business groups to operate profitably by overcoming the stiff challenges for the corporate. Big organizations always have immense resources, and facilities which they will utilize to monopolize the market. Moreover they have the better equipped Research and Development (R&D) wing to facilitate their operations by providing required data about the changing trends of consumers. The conventional marketing

Managing diversity and equal opportunity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing diversity and equal opportunity - Essay Example However, diversity is a concept that is more inclusive. People do not merely differ owing to their nationality, ethnicity or skin colour. People may also differ in their physical abilities, age, gender, sexual orientation, mental abilities and religious beliefs. In that context, diversity is a more holistic concept that it includes multiculturalism and all other notions by which people may differ from each other. Diversity could be a problem if taken to be so, or it may turn out to be a source of ingenuity, creativity and innovation if managed in the right way (Burke & Cooper 2005). So the chief and pivotal concern of diversity management is to make the diversity visible as well as to manage diversity in a way that it turns out to be fruitful, beneficial and salubrious fort the society, institutions and organizations. The core concern of diversity management is the appreciation of diversity as well as, wrought out the associated organizational and institutional behavioural changes in a way that they end up being beneficial and salubrious (Burke & Cooper 2005). Diversity is a concept that forces the managers and the employees to rethink their social and managerial views and expectations. Although the codification of organizational and institutional behaviour and modes of reference do help people size up their world view in a definite manner, these set views may also turn out to be sources of discrimination for some sections of the society. Considering the fact that the workforce in the UK is increasingly becoming multicultural, this has forced the organizations to restructure and rethink their attitudes and notions regarding diversity, so as to assure that everybody gets equal access to opportunities for growth and self realization. Understanding Diversity Diversity could turn out to be a benign and salubrious asset for any community. However, in a broader context, diversity happens to be much more than merely inculcating tolerance, and abstaining from resorting to stereotyping or getting judgemental. In fact in a world given to variety and variation, recognizing and managing diversity makes an immense sense. Diversity constitutes the fundamental asset for a society given to variation and stands to be central to the development of the economy and culture. It is the reverence for human dignity, freedom to differ and the liberty to express different views is what makes an organization inclusive and modern (Burke & Cooper 2005). The chance to perform and work in a way that is in consonance with what an individual actually is ensues from a realization of the relevance of the whole and the recognition of the constituent subsections. One of the plus points of recognizing diversity and differences is that it leads to recognition of the diversity and the inclusion of the varied diverse segment of the society in the workforce active in institutions and organizations (Burke & Cooper 2005). Creating a work environment that recognizes diversity allows people to realize each other’s innate differences and similarities, and to be able to relate to each other through this understanding. Cross-cultural integration and the communication today play a central role in the management of employees and customers. Not only the workforce in the UK is getting highly diverse, the consumers and customers that access the goods and services produced by

How I Reach My Dream Essay Example for Free

How I Reach My Dream Essay As human being, all of us have dreams needs to achieve them. The poor people have dreams and the rich people as well. Dreams are the most amazing thing in the life. We all love to dream to hope and see ourselves going to be better and better each day. However, I know some people may say that dreams are hard to follow and it’s impossible to be real. But that’s actually not true, because our dreams are in our hands. We are the ones that can control them and makes them real. For me, I was looking up to many things during my life like; learning English, and I am good at it and completing my higher degree. I will show you how I reach my dream and became true. In 2005, when I graduated from high school, I was planning to major in Computer Engineering at King Fahd University or King Faisal University, but my accumulative GPA was not what they are asking for. Therefore, they didn’t accept me. I felt like I had the worst luck ever. After a few days my friend informed me that I have been accepted in College of Technology At Dammam. I was more than happy, because I can get my diploma degree. I studied English language and Math in my first year. I did a great job, so they approve my major as Computer Engineering. But, I was depressed at the beginning because this college didn’t have Bachelor Degree they only have diploma degree. However, having diploma degree is better than nothing. After I graduated from College of Technology At Dammam In 2008, I started looking for a job for about three months. Finally, I had been accepted in Tide Company. The offer told me that I have to work as IT Helper for 8 hours from Saturday to Wednesday. Working in a company as helper is not my dream. However, I have no other choices. So I worked for this company to have experience and to save money as well. I really got a huge experience from coworkers and I used to love my job. Unfortunately, a huge problem occurred between the supervisor and me. The supervisor did not give me a recommendation to raise my salary. However, I was working hard for Tow years and half. I sat at home for more than a month thinking about the old thought and what I suppose to do. Although, my mother doesn’t write and read she said you have to make the right move I asked her HOW? She said you want to become an engineer don’t you? So, why don’t you go to Canada to complete your study? I will be proud of you. I felt like yes this is my chance. I talked with my father about going to Canada to study and he encouraged me to do it. So, he promised me to help me as much as he can. I applied for ELS English Language Center. Then I filled out the VISA application and after two weeks I got the Canadian VISA. I arranged everything to travel and I sold my car. The last day for me in Saudi Arabia with my family was difficult. I hate to say bye to whom I love. In the morning, I went with my family and my colas friends to the airport. My flight was like this from Dammam to Qatar, then from Qatar to Toronto. It was too long; the total duration is 16 hours. Finally, I arrived to Toronto to study English. I studied for one year in Toronto to complete my English program. When I have done my program, I applied for the IELTS Test. After 15 days I got my scare. I did a greet job I got 5 in the IELTS, after that I decided to came to the United State. At the same month I applied for The ISU and I have been accepted and they transfer all my previous credits. The life here in the United State is different, because of the cultural differences between Middle East and western countries. I had many problems, but I am truing to achieve my dreams. In conclusion, dreams are nothing but thoughts and ideas of ones mind, so set your dreams right in front your eyes and work hard for them. There is no doubt you will reach them someday. Basically, what you would like to be actually depends on you in the first place. All you need is a relentless pursuit to achieve your dreams and dont stop until you do. Through sweat, blood and tears, let nothing slow your pursuit. So, I wrote my story to help any hopeless person who belief that life will not end with the first problem.

Mass Media And The Public Opinion Problem Media Essay

Mass Media And The Public Opinion Problem Media Essay The war on Iraq is drawing to a close, but over the last six years, it has eclipsed the news agenda. Ever since the Gulf war ended in 1991, the United states and Britain have been waging an undeclared secret war on Iraq for twelve years1. The US led war in Iraq began in March 2003. Their intent was to abolish the Iraqi society allowing them to command Iraqs huge oil reserves. This war received unparalleled media coverage on television and in the press. News networks spent significant amounts of money in situating reporters and photographers in Iraq. These reporters spent time with the coalition armed forces on the front line where they were able to provide live coverage of events as they happened. A number of consequences followed. Watchdog groups raised issues about the sheer quantity of war coverage, the nature of that coverage and the independence and objectivity of those so-called embedded journalists2. Clearly, it became important to know not only what the public felt about the actual war, but also how the public received information and formed their opinion about the war. Radio had World War II. Television had the Vietnam War. Cable TV had the Gulf War. Now, the Internet may have the U.S. war with Iraq3. In this modern day war, reporters with laptops and digital cameras reported directly from battlefields. Cameras were placed at key locations for live online feeds 24 hours a day. Interactive, 3-D maps updated online graphs of troop movements, casualties and weapons used4. The Internet is capable of providing so much more, with unregulated and unbiased reports/opinions of the war. It is also capable of connecting people with like minded opinions for discourse. Coupled with other semiotic advantages of the web (instant, cost-effective), the information explosion of the Internet has led to a worldwide crises in the television industry. This crisis is responsible for transforming the creation, distribution and consumption of content. As audiences make a move from television to the Internet (for unbiased war coverage), the television industry has struggled to keep up with new technologies, to reinvent itself, to formulate new formats, to find consumers on new platforms, to cut costs and create new business models such as providing free online access to shows on their networks. This shift in mass audience attention from television to the Internet will have a large impact on the media landscape. Youre combining the speed of television with the depth of print, says Mitch Gelman, executive producer of CNN.com. This could define how [the] future [is] covered. 5 Research Question Does the explosion in Internet media further diversify and fragment the media landscape, reducing the influence of biased media on public opinion? Thesis Statement Even though the Internet is a privilege that is enjoyed only in first world countries and television and radio is still the primary source of information in most developing nations, an apparent bias in television news media has led audiences to seek more objective information from the world wide web because television news is filled with selective viewpoints while the interactivity, diversity and information capacity available on the Internet has the potential to allow the public to form a more knowledgeable opinion about politics and their government. Significance The significance of Internet news, forums and online political discussions as an information source is the ability to diversify the type of news people receive, and improve their ability to check the actions of elected officials. As opposed to news coverage on television which, filled with reports of vague truths, incomplete facts, inaccurate rumors and selective viewpoints, is determined to sell the war. Thus people are turning to online news sources in great numbers, to get a more balanced, objective and realistic perspective. Television and the Internet are pulling in opposite directions, and hence this study is important to understand this growing trend. Hypothesis This research paper claims the theory of a shift of audience attention in an information era that now includes new un-monopolized and un-biased media sources such as the Internet and hence a shift to a more diversified public opinion. This paper will bring forward the relationship between media usage and support or opposition to the Iraq war. The claims put forth in this paper will be based on the Pew Internet American Life Project Iraq War survey, March 20-25, 2003. Purpose The purpose of this research is to show that public opinion is directly dependent upon what source they get their news information from. The round-the-clock convenience of the Internet and the centralization of un-regulated and un-biased information on the web can cut information costs for citizens while still providing ample political and government information6. Thus the goal of this paper is to show that television media does not continue to exert an effect on public opinion as the impact of the Internet has made opinion more diverse leading to a crises in the television news industry. Statement of scope and limitations The scope of this research is to show how the US television media have altered facts, reported several inaccurate stories and never acknowledged that this has been more of an invasion than a war. As a result of this apparent bias in television news media, audiences are seeking more objective information from the world wide web. This paper will not cover how the Internet is a privilege that is enjoyed only in first world countries and television and radio is still the primary source of information, shaping public opinion, in these developing nations. Also, this paper will not cover how most television shows are streamed illegally online and has led to a decline in network revenue. Outline of argument Television media coverage of news events is part of the free-market system in the U.S. where a number of elite groups can influence the type of coverage given to an issue and who gets heard7. This becomes a troubling factor in the case of news covering foreign affairs because the public has fewer sources of information to compare against. This has increased the importance of the Internet as a news source. As the television media is becoming concentrated in the hands of a few, it heightens the possibility that the public will have trouble getting both sides of a report. So far, the Internet has resisted the trend toward a singular message. Opposing viewpoints and information not available from other news sources flourish on the Web. For example, a 2003 Pew Internet and American Life survey found that the majority of respondents reported using the Internet for political news because of convenience and dissatisfaction with television media8. Literature Review about 50 per cent of the population now believes that Iraq was responsible for the attack on the World Trade Centre. This has happened since September 2002. In fact, after the September 11 attack, the figure was about 3 per cent. Government-media propaganda has managed to raise that to about 50 per cent. Now if people genuinely believe that Iraq has carried out major terrorist attacks against the United States and is planning to do so again, well, in that case people will support the war. Noam Chomsky, Iraq is a trial run9 Introduction To explore the influence of both the Internet and the consolidation of television media on public opinion, this paper uses data and statistical analysis from surveys done by Pew Internet and American Life project entitled The Internet And The Iraq War. These surveys are consistent with other writers such as Herman and Chomsky (Manufacturing consent and Iraq Is A Trial Run), Shapiro and Dempsey (What moves public opinion) and Macye and Steven (Embedding The Truth) among others also mentioned in this research paper. Even though some of the articles mentioned in this paper were published before the Iraq war, their detailed analysis of the effect of media on the public opinion still has modern day ramifications for this growing shift from television to the Internet. Hence the survey data along with several consistent articles in this research paper tests the theory of media influence on public opinion in a digital age that now includes new forms of media such as the Internet, as well as increased biassnes of the television industry. An inherent bias Experts have long agreed that news coverage has a very overwhelming influence on public opinion. Analyzing surveys and polls of public opinion on issues regarding the Iraq war, Page, Shapiro and Dempsey (1987) find that change in public opinion is attributable to the source of news media forming the opinion. Public opinion towards the Iraq war in 2003 provides a case study under very unusual circumstances than other wars. Radio had World War II. Television had the Vietnam War. Cable TV had the Gulf War. Now, the Internet may have the U.S. war with Iraq10. Under these very different circumstances of newer technology, Page et al have found that, we might expect media coverage of the war to have a direct effect on public opinion. Among experts arguing that news media are systematically biased, no other has been as influential as Herman and Chomsky. In Manufacturing Consent, they advanced a propaganda model that suggests that the societal purpose of the media is to inculcate and defend the economic, social, and political agenda of privileged groups that dominate the domestic society and the state11 (298). While trying to shed light on the relationship between politics and media, this work is often taken as evidence of a biassnes in the news media. Using multivariate logistic regression, surveys done by Pew Internet American Life Project in 2003, which seem to agree with the Herman and Chomskys analysis, found that television media coverage of the Iraq war shaped public opinion. Respondents who watched cable or network television as a primary source of news about the war, about thirty million Americans, were statistically more likely to support the Iraq war. But, respondents who read online war news were significantly less likely to support the war13. The Internet has become a rich repository for satirical and subversive alternate visions. With the US campaign against Iraq, a unique form of resistance is emerging: not so much on the streets as through the electronic networks of the Internet.14 A former reporter turned media critic Bernard Goldberg writes, There are lots of reasons fewer people are watching network news, and one of them, Im more convinced than ever, is that our viewers simply dont trust us. And for good reason. The old argument that the networks and other media elites have a liberal bias is so blatantly true that its hardly worth discussing anymore.15 Shanto Iyengar, in The Accessibility Bias In Politics, argues that when the networks make a certain event more accessible by giving it extensive coverage, viewers automatically give that issue greater importance and use their opinions concerning that issue to a greater range when thinking about their country at war. During the Iraq war coverage individuals were fed a steady diet yellow journalism.16 Yellow journalism, such as images of blown up military vehicles and downed helicopters, capture the attention of an audience much more than pictures of everyday mundane events. The practice of looking for the next big event, whether it comes from a suicide bomber or from an ambush on coalition troops, convinces Americans to believe that the war is far from over. Television news programs have sensationalized the war and discarded objectivity in favor of their own opinion of the conflict. A reporter for the International Herald Tribune, Michiko Kakutani observed, Network producers have turn ed real-time reporting of the 2003 war in Iraq into prime time reality TV entertainment. Rather than presenting the real horror of war.17 Shift to the Internet In three different polls, an aggregate sample of three thousand respondents was asked, Where do you tend to get most of your news? The options offered were newspapers and magazines or TV and radio. Overall, nineteen percent said their primary news source was print media, while eighty percent said it was electronic18. These results are consistent with the findings of Kull and Ramsay, in Misperceptions, the Media, and the Iraq War, who mention that traditional news sources are to blame for misperceptions regarding the reasons to invade Iraq. People who depend on the Internet as their main news source, who tend to be younger and better educated than rest of the public and is roughly 68 percent of the American population, expressed unfavorable and analytical opinions of traditional news sources and press performance19. These audiences, about 6 out of 10,also say that news organizations do not care about the people they report on, and fifty three percent, of that number, believe that news organizations are too critical of America20. In the 2003 surveys these respondents mentioned they got news of the Iraq war from the web because you dont get all the news and information you want from traditional new sources such as the daily news paper or the network TV news.21 They also said getting information online is more convenient22 The Internet strips away one of the most despicable beliefs of journalism the ridiculous idea that journalists are fair-minded truth seekers out for nothing more than a good story.23 Due to Internet journalism -which has broken the monopoly of the status quo-, Mark Poster, in The Second Media Age, says we are shifting back towards an era of open discourse, much similar to the old days when various newspapers with various political connections, competed for the publics attention.24 He goes on to explain that the interactivity, diversity, flexibility, and information capacity available on the Internet have the capability to allow the public to become more knowledgeable about politics and government. Its hard to be unbiased Over the last six years of the Iraq war coverage, we have become used to watching journalists report from battlefields. These embedded journalists live, sleep, eat and face danger with the troops. Spending so much time with them, the journalists get to know the troops as individuals. Hence the reports are humanised. But these much praised reports of war overlook the fact that these embeds are embedded with one side only. This in no way is a balanced perspective25. A very pessimistic John Simpson of the BBC says: I dont want to spend my whole time with people to whom I owe my safety, my protection, my food, my transport, and then be expected to be completely honest about them, because theres always that sense that youre betraying a trust.26 In todays style of non stop news coverage, it is very hard for a report to be unbiased. News programs today are made to grasp the attention of hyperactive and impatient audience (since there are other channels to choose from). Usually, every television news report is told in less than two minutes. This results in a great loss of detail, and thats where the TV reporters personal bias comes into play: he or she decides what parts of a story to include or omit. As many people have pointed out, broadcast news is dangerous, not because of whats reported, but because of what is not reported. Fortunately the Internet is becoming a more reliable source of daily news, and it helps fill in the gaps. Anyone looking for current news, can gather more information in five minutes on the Internet than they can get in an hour of watching television. Conclusion The television media culture has become arrogant, often ignorant and mindless, but not quite so dominant as it used to be. Specifically, television news is no the same anymore. The Internet, with its hundreds of news sources, some professional reports and many others not so professional, is doing to television news what television news did to newspapers a generation ago, steadily stealing its audience. Methodology see >> http://www.abdn.ac.uk/sociology/notes06/Level4/SO4530/Assigned-Readings/Seminar%2011.2.pdf Bibliography/Footnotes 1.(see John Pilgers The Secret War on Iraq). 2. The Media Workers Against the War and the Indymedia network media War coverage. wiki 3. http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2003-03-18-iraq-internet_x.htm 4. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/2889171.stm 5. http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_24-3-2003_pg6_1 6. http://prq.sagepub.com/content/56/2/175.short 7. http://search2.scholarsportal.info.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/ids70/view_record.php?id=7recnum=2log=from_resSID=986263f7ea97c6532362216a8e2aee36mark_id=search:7:76,0,4 8. http://www.pewinternet.org/~/media/Files/Reports/2003/PIP_Iraq_War_Report.pdf.pdf 9. http://www.zcommunications.org/iraq-is-a-trial-run-by-noam-chomsky 10. http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2003-03-18-iraq-internet_x.htm 11. Manufacturing Consent 12. http://www.media-studies.ca/articles/war_propaganda.htm 13. http://www.pewinternet.org/~/media/Files/Reports/2003/PIP_Iraq_War_Report.pdf.pdf 14. http://faculty.maxwell.syr.edu/dwhayes/iraq_mpsa08.pdf 15. http://www.amazon.com/Bias-Insider-Exposes-Media-Distort/dp/0895261901 16. http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/2/1/1.pdf [oxford journals] >> http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/2/1/1.pdf 17. Michiko Kakutani. The Ultimate Reality TV Show: Coverage on the War in Iraq. At Issue: Reality TV. Ed. Karen F. Balkin. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2003. August 2004. 25 July 2010. . 18. http://www.pewinternet.org/~/media/Files/Reports/2003/PIP_Iraq_War_Report.pdf.pdf 19. Lbid, page 20.lbid 21.lbid 22. lbid 23. http://www.lewrockwell.com/greenhut/greenhut34.html 24. http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/9541_011389ch01.pdf 25. see downloads dooley 26. http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2010/mar/15/john-simpson-bbc-murdoch-journalism -http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2010/apr/18/embedded-war-reporting-iraq-afghanistn

School Vouchers Essay -- Educational Vouchers Scholarships

One of the most important topics in government today is the issue of school vouchers. The two sides have remained deeply entrenched in their rival positions concerning this issue. Some wonder about the practicality of using the vouchers, while others wonder if it is defeating the purpose of the educational system. Educational vouchers can be very beneficial for both the student and even the school districts involved in the program. Many people do not realize the benefits of this program. Educational vouchers are something that many school districts need to implement due to their advantages. The benefits of educational vouchers very much outweigh the disadvantages.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Educational vouchers, also known as scholarships, redirect the flow of education funding, channeling it directly to individual families rather than to school districts. This allows families to select the public or private schools of their choice and have all or part of the tuition paid. These vouchers are funded by either public (government) or private (corporations, foundations) funds. Scholarships are advocated on the grounds that parental choice and competition between public and private schools will improve education for all children (www.schoolchoices.org).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Publicly-funded education vouchers allow families to make private decisions regarding how public taxpayer money should be spent. Therefore, a voucher program hopes to create an educational market where schools must compete for students. Supporters claim market benefits, such as choice and innovation, will improve education. Opponents, on the other hand, say that vouchers will lead to greater inequality and the loss of civic preparation. Current evidence concerning the impact of vouchers is disputed (IBID.).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Zelman versus Simmons-Harris court case that ended on June 22, 2002, is probably one of the most monumental court cases to date on this subject. The United States Supreme Court upheld a Cleveland, Ohio school voucher program by a 5-4 vote. Judges Rehnquist, O’Connor, Kennedy, Scalia, and Thomas were for the decision (www.law.umkc.edu). This case was the latest in a long series of Supreme Court decisions that eroded constitutional requirements for school voucher programs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to comply with these constitutional requirements, a constitutional voucher program must take many actions. The prog... ...oney to afford a better school. If the administrators continue to allow this, we are denying our children’s’ rights to a good, quality education. School vouchers are something that can guarantee a parent the right to send the student to any school that would best fit his learning style and values. Voucher programs are perhaps the most effective way to help low-income families become active consumers in the educational marketplace, helping them gain control over their children’s education and encouraging them to become more involved. Educational vouchers are a way of putting the student first†¦which should be the main goal of educational personnel everywhere. By implementing an educational voucher program, schools will better themselves and students across the nation will reap in the benefits. WORKS CITED â€Å"Case Analysis.† Americans United for the Separation of Church and State. www.au.org â€Å"Education Vouchers.† www.ncspe.org . â€Å"School Choices.† www.schoolchoices.org/roo/vouchers.htm . â€Å"So You Wanna Learn About School Vouchers?† www.soyouwanna.com/site/pros_cons/vouchers.html â€Å"Zelman v. Simmons-Harris.† www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/zelman.html .

Bush, Blair and Iraq :: War on Terrorism

On April 9, 2003 United States tanks stormed through Baghdad, Iraq. U.S. troops, then, toppled a giant statue of Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein in central Baghdad, which sent the Iraqi citizens into jubilee (Rampton 1). The Iraq War, or government's coined 'Operation Iraqi Freedom,' had finally arrived after declaring war on March 19, 2003. The U.S.-British coalition to invade Iraq and dethrone Hussein's dictatorship has been both a beneficial and detrimental political move. A war that originated because of Hussein's reluctance to weapons inspections now has become a messy situation where U.S.-British troops are dying more after major combat has ceased. President George W. Bush declared this war on 'terror' and, as a result, invaded Iraq on the grounds that Hussein had weapons of mass destruction which threatened American and world security. Prime Minister Tony Blair agreed with Bush that the world would be safer when Iraq disarmed its WMDs and pledged British troops fully to t he American war effort against terrorism. Over one year after invading Iraq, Hussein is captured, no weapons of mass destruction have been found, disturbing photos of abuse of Iraqi detainees, Dr. Kelly's mysterious death, and other nations providing troops are withdrawing?what arises out of all this is a question: Was Iraq worth it? Bush and Blair will both argue that even with all the setbacks, Iraqi citizens are better off now than under the Hussein regime, especially with the forthcoming of democracy. Critics dispute Iraq was invaded for financial reasons. Nevertheless, both Bush and Blair have seen their approval rating dip as the war continues, and it may ultimately hurt their reelection chances and prove that Iraq was too costly. Propaganda is a crucial element of a proficient government. However, it must be noted that propaganda is not a tool used for good, rather it is a weapon used to inflict biased views. Hence, propaganda is implemented to all facets of a citizen?s life. Ultimately, the goal of propaganda is to manipulate behavior and behavioral patterns; external rather than internal public opinion is sought. Voting, buying products, selecting entertainment, joining organizations, displaying symbols, fighting for a cause, donating to an organization, and other forms of action responses are sought from the audiences who are addressed by the persuader and propagandist. (Jossett, 45) To become an ?ideal? citizen, one must do all the aforementioned to provide for one?

Premature Infancy Essay -- Babies Birth Early Premature Essays

Premature Infancy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Premature babies, otherwise known as preterm babies, or preemies, are babies that are born earlier than the full-term of thirty-eight to forty-two weeks of pregnancy. These babies are generally born between the twentieth and thirty-eighth week. Almost 250,000 babies, nearly seven percent of newborns, are premature(Golant 4). Prematurity, even with all the advances in technology, is still a major cause of fetal and neonatal death. Actually, around seventy- five percent of perinatal deaths are due to a number of problems associated with prematurity(Freeman 232). Premature babies are very weak and defenseless, and need to be hospitalized. One reason for this is that a baby may become startled into shock by a loud sound or even bright light. This occurs because many babies have fully-developed senses and underdeveloped organs, which may become a problem, since the brain may not be developed well enough to be able to distinguish these different senses, which causes the baby to panic and lose control of its actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main underdeveloped parts of a premature baby are its organs, chiefly the lungs and the brain. The lungs are developed in the last few weeks of pregnancy, and if the child is born before the thirty sixth week, he/she may require some special attention. Usually, the child is monitored closely for the first few weeks of its life, in order to make sure there is no problems with the breathing or any other function of its body. The premature baby will probably need supplemental oxygen to help it through the early stages, but rarely will it need an actual respirator or other life-supporting device on a full-time twenty four hour basis. In fact, giving the baby too much oxygen may complicate problems, such as damages to the eyes. This is caused by a over- abundance of oxygen in the blood stream, which in turn causes the blood vessels of the eye to expand, damaging the eye. This problem is one of the main concerns when bearing a pre-term baby versus a full-term baby.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another difference, probably the most noticeable one, is the size and weight of the baby. A preemie will look thin and helpless, and will also have transparent skin. Blood vessels, veins and bones are sometimes visible through the skin of these babies. This is because the skin of a premature baby is very fragile and tend... ... eight to forty two weeks, and must get rid of the children from the uterus in order to return the body to normal and prevent any injuries from occurring inside the mother's womb.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many advances are occurring everyday which enable mothers to feel safer with the care of premature babies. New drugs are being developed and new methods are being tested to ensure the security of a preemie, enabling the rate of deaths and the rate of premature babies born to both be lowered. As recently as 1986, premature babies had a much lower chance of survival, and with the help of experts, this factor has been greatly reduced. Hopefully, by the time our generation or our children's generation begins to think about bearing children, there will not be much of a risk of having a premature baby. Works Cited Freeman, Roger, and Pescar, Susan. "Safe Delivery: Protecting Your Baby During High-Risk Pregnancy. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1982. Golant, Susan and Ludington, Susan. Kangaroo Care The Best You Can Do To Help Your Preterm Infant. New York: Bantam Books, 1993. Griesemer, Bernard and Pfister, Fred. The Littlest Baby. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice- Hall Inc., 1983.

Justice Essay

Discuss and evaluate the view of the concept of Justice in relation to Othello and two supplementary texts. Justice is to live in a society that is fair to everyone, were everyone’s human rights are met and were everyone has equal opportunity to succeed. The concept of justice is portrayed rather unevenly in Othello and does not prevail as the villain, Iago, is still alive while his ‘victims’ are not. Also in my supplementary texts the balance of justice is uneven. One of my supplementary texts ‘Men of Honour’ is a film about a black sailor, Carl Brashear, trying to become a US Navy Diver but his training officer, Billy Sunday, makes it hard for him because of his colour. In the end of Men of Honour justice does prevail as Carl becomes a navy diver. My other supplementary text the ‘I Have a Dream’ speech is about a man, Martin Luther King, telling the world about the injustices against black people in America and how justice should be achieved. My argument is that justice is not achieved in Othello while it is achieved in ‘Men of Honour’ and it is explained in the ‘I have a Dream’ speech. Othello is written by William Shakespeare in England when Prejudice against women and people of different race was acceptable in society. In Othello racial prejudice, gender injustice and Vigilante injustice are very prominent especially towards the end of the play. Desdemona, Emilia and Bianca are treated like second class citizens because of their gender and Othello feels alienated by white society and feels he is always being judged because of his colour. The setting plays a major role in the balance of injustice throughout the play. In the beginning it is set in Venice which seemingly appears democratic and just with Othello being given a fair trial when they discover he has married Desdemona. This is in stark contrast to Cyprus which is the setting for the majority of the play and appears less civilized and lacking any real legal structures. This change of setting changes the behaviour of some of the characters especially Othello, who appears a noble soldier and good husband in Venice, changes when the setting moves to Cyprus and starts to make rash decisions. These changes in Character add to the injustices dealt with by some of the characters. ‘Men of Honour’ is set in America in the 1960s after WWII and during the Vietnam and Cold Wars. This was a time when coloured people were seen as second class citizens and the Navy was also not ready to accept coloured people into jobs of authority. This is represented by â€Å"Two table spoons of machine oil can contaminate a whole ships fresh water supply, some things just don’t mix†. This was the analogy of black people in the military. Even though there was so much prejudice society was aware of the injustices of coloured people and the need for change and there were even laws against segregation in the military but society was still lagging behind the law. The ‘I Have a Dream’ speech was presented in America in 1963 during the Vietnam and Cold Wars. It was presented in front of 200,000 people on the steps of Lincoln Memorial after a march for American Civil rights. It was a time were black people suffered horrific segregation and had little rights and in many southern states white people could commit crimes against them with little chance of repercussions. But it was also a time for social change and people were ready for a change. Racial injustice is where people of different races are not treated equally to the rest of society. In Othello this racial injustice is very prominent and plays a major role in the play. The black army general, Othello, is the man who feels most of the racial injustice in the play. When Iago and Rodrigo are talking privately they talk of Othello very harshly and make reference to his race regularly, â€Å"thick lips†, â€Å"the moor† and â€Å"black ram† are just some of the words they use to describe him This is also a use of animal imagery in â€Å"black ram† which dehumanises Othello. In the play Othello constantly feels like the outsider and having to constantly prove his worth, this is portrayed by â€Å"My parts, my tile and my perfect soul shall manifest me rightly†. This sense of being the outsider because of race is prominent in my two related texts the ‘Men of Honour’ film and the ‘I Have a Dream’ speech. In ‘Men of Honour’ Carl Brashear is a Black Navy man who wishes to become a U. S Navy Diver but because of his colour his trainer, Billy Sunday, makes it nearly impossible for him to become one. His fellow Divers alienate him and insult him in one scene he is spat on and laughed at. â€Å"No offence to the President but I don’t bunk with Niggers†. This shows how he constantly has to prove himself to white society just like Othello and is used to create empathy for Carl. In â€Å"I Have a Dream† the spokes person, Martin Luther King, is trying to persuade the public to judge people on their personality not their race. They will not be judged by the colour of their skin but on the content of their character†. Luther King uses persuasive language to convey the message and have it heard. Likewise Othello feels like he is being judged on his colour and not who he really is â€Å"Speak of me as I am† he uses assertive tone in the verb ‘s peak’ as he is afraid of being judged. Gender injustice is where people are judged on their gender and not treated equally to the other gender and their role in society. In Othello there are many cases of gender injustice and in some cases it is a misunderstanding. Emilia is the woman who is the main victim of gender injustice. Emilia is Iago’s wife and throughout the play she is put down by him and treated like a second class citizen. â€Å"Players your housewifery and housewives in your bed†. This is spoken by Iago and shows his view of women as good for nothing. In ‘Men of Honour’ just like Emilia, Carl is constantly being told that he and his race are good for nothing but cooking in the Navy and will never become a Navy Diver. Bianca, Cassio’s lover, is also a victim and is constantly being called a strumpet and when Cassio is stabbed Iago blames her because no one will believe a woman over a man. Desdemona is another victim of gender injustice as she is not given a fair say by Othello when he suspects her infidelity and kills her. Othello believes that she does not deserve her say and in the end she pays the ultimate price. While Desdemona is pleading with Othello she says â€Å"I never gave him token† but Othello does not give her a chance to explain herself and he judges her without cause. Vigilante Injustice is the act of taking the law into someone’s own hands and acting on something outside the law. In Othello Iago is the main culprit of this as he tries to destroy Othello outside the law. He also tries to convince Rodrigo to help him in his plan of ruining Othello’s life. In ‘Men of Honour’ the commanding officer of the U. S Navy Diving Centre takes the law into his own hands by trying convince Billy Sunday to fail Carl by getting into his head. He says things such as â€Å"Did you know that ordinary house dust is made primarily of human skin, makes you think twice about who you invite into your home†. In Conclusion Othello is not a very just or fair play as throughout the play people are being judged by others because of their gender and race and in the end justice is not achieved. My supplementary texts are also about people being judged and treated unfairly but unlike Othello justice is achieved at the end of my supplementary texts. Othello and my texts also represent the time they were composed, in times when people were judged and treated unfairly because of the colour of their skin or their gender.

Hershey chocolate Essay

Go the Hershey website to learn how to make Hershey hot chocolate. (There is overly a print friendly interlingual rendition of the chocolate making c atomic number 18 for at the end of the video.) Review the process and play a look at roughly of the videos. Pay particular attention to the process steps of mill around and pressing, meld the ingredients, and refining. In at least one paragraph, depict the address system that you would recommend Hershey commit to account for its cost of goods sold and why. acknowledge a few product be you think would be traceable, which be should be eachocated and how Hershey should account and apply the manufacturing overhead cost. subsequently reviewing the chore videos on the Hersheys website, it seems apt(predicate) the company would use process costing versus job costing techniques to track the cost associated with producing the various chocolate bars. Both techniques lead identify the cost associated with producing the confect bars, the difference is the process costing technique allocates the extreme cost of take across all units of output. This usually entails accumulation of costs for each stage (or department) of production and assigning those costs to all output from that stage. I find that the process technique best matches the production process Hershey utilizes.Even on their website videos, Hershey breaks the production of the candy bars into seven pick functions, each with the end goal of ontogeny the finest chocolate bars possible precisely with unique and separate processes. Just as Hershey has multiple processes, they allow for overly eat up multiple product costs. A few traceable product costs that fall out to mind are associated with the seven website videos. The prototypical film shows the production of the raw coffee beans. The company will determine the costs associated with the purchase of raw materials such as the beans, sugar, and milk. This cost would be shifting costs, as the production is increased, the volume of raw materials would also increase. The second stage of roasting and breach the beans may also ready protean inventory costs, and possibly a junto fuel costs to heat the roasters. Hershey will always have the fuel costs, precisely the nitty-grittys will vary depending on the amount of beans being roasted.The third stage of milling and pressing the beans will also have a combination of fuel cost to run the machinery. The process of blending and mixing of the chocolate looks to have a take of direct labor and once once again fuel costs to run mixers, heaters and dryers in addition to the variousemployees creating direct labor costs. The refining process runs many unsounded granite rollers and mixers to develop the chocolate into a glitter texture and will also get additional fuel and power costs. Finally, the wrapping and packaging stages will have variable costs for the materials to wrap and package the candy in preparation for t ransportation to the consumer.In each of the categories, fuels and power costs are utilized in the preparation of the chocolate bars. This is one cost that one that could be allocated to each department. In addition, the facility costs, square up footage and non direct labor may be allocated to the various departments. I feel Hershey should debit factory overhead for the actual costs incurred and credit Factory Overhead as these costs are allocated to Work in Process, which eventually gets transferred to expense as damage of Goods Sold as shown via the preceding entries.

Hank Aaron

Hank Aaron henry Louis Hank Aaron Born February 5, 1934 , Nicknamed Hammer, Or Hammerin Hank, Is A Retired American baseball game Right Fielder Who play 23 Seasons In Major partnership baseball game From 1954 To 1976 . Aaron Was Considered To Be unmatched Of The superlative Baseball turningers Of All clipping . Background Hank Aaron Is Widely Regarded As One Of The Greatest buckters Of In The History Of Baseball . For Nearly 23 age , Aaron Played As An Outfielder For The Braves And The Milwaukee Brewers . He Was circumstance Several unloads And Winning Honors .Aaron Continues To Hold Many Of Baseball constitutions Including , Runs Batted , Extra Base Hits , Total Bases , And Most Years With 30 Or more family line Runs . For more than Than 2 Decades , Aaron Held The Record For Most Career shell Runs (755) . Early Life Born Henry Louis Aaron On February 5 , 1934 . Hank Aaron Was Born In Mobile , atomic number 13 . Aaron And His Family Moved To The Middle-Class Toul minville Neighborhood When He Was 8 Years Old. Aaron Developed A Strong family relationship For Baseball And football At A boylike Age, And Tended To Focus more(prenominal) Heavily On Sports Than His Studies.During His starting motor And Sophomore Years , He Attended central High tame, A Segregated High School In Mobile, Where He Excelled At Both Football And Baseball. On The Baseball Diamond , He Played Shortstop And Third Base . In His immature Year , Aaron Transferred To The Josephine Allen Institute , A Neighboring hidden School That Had An Organized Baseball Program . sooner The End Of His First Year At Allen , He Had More Than Proved His Abilities On The Baseball Field.Then, mayhap Sensing That He Had A Bigger prospective Ahead Of Him , In 1951 , The 18-Year-Old Aaron Quit School To Play For The Negro Baseball Leagues Indianopolis Clowns . Famous For He Had The MLB Record For Most Career Home Runs Of 755 Until Barry Bonds stone-broke The Record . He Hit 24 Or More Home Runs Every Year From 1955 Through 1973 , And Is The just Player To Hit 30 Or More Home Runs In A Season At least 15 Times . He Is One Of Only Four Players To Have At Least 17 Seasons With 150 Or More Hits . Hank Aaron Broke Babe Ruths All The Home Run Record Babe Ruth Had Hit 714 Home Runs During His Baseball Career . Legacy In 1974 , After Tying The Babe On beginning Day In Cincinnati , Aaron Came Home With His Team . On April 15 , He Banged Out His Record 715th Homerun At 907 p. m. In The Fourth Inning Against The Los Angeles Dodgers . It Was A Triumph And A Relief . The More Than 50,000 Fans On Hand Cheered Him On As He locomote The Bases . There Were Fireworks And A Band , And When He get over Home Plate , Aarons Parents Were There To Greet Him . boilersuit , Aaron nuanceed The 1974 Season With 20 Homeruns .He Played Two More Years , Moving Back To Milwaukee To Finish Out His Career To Play In The said(prenominal) City Where Hed Started . After Retiring As A Player , Aaron Moved Into The Atlanta Braves Front mapping As Executive Vice-President , Where He Has Been A trail Spokesman For Minority Hiring In Baseball. He Was Elected To Baseballs third house of Fame In 1982 . His Autobiography , I Had A Hammer, Was promulgated In 1990 . In 1999, To Celebrate The 25th day of remembrance Of Breaking Ruths Record , Major League Baseball Announced The Hank Aaron Award , Given Annually To The trump out Overall Hitter In Each League .

Discipline and Improve Students Behaviour in Classroom Education Essay

The task of how shell to even run into and cleanse pupils conduct in inculcateroom is of abiding interest. This check into is orient to scrutinizing divers(prenominal) methodologies concerning savants doings in t distri scarceivelyrooms, instructors aim strategies and behavioral watchfulness. distinguish adequate to(p) channels of find and contrasting examples for stamp d confess deportment put up been discussed referring to the subject field. The sources critiqueed nonplus contrastive solutions. This w tout ensemblepaper examines equalwise the inculcateroom environs and its parity to victorious de representor implementation.The off condition printing paragraphs bound polar definitions conversant(predicate) with deportment and stop check to the creators look at. The continuance of the belles-lettres review is claimed by various hailes and strategies concerning a non expectant(predicate) demeanoural caution. This conflict sets tabu nighwhat of the arguments and recomm left everyplaceations which be discussed in much(prenominal) than detail. Charles C. M. submits more or slight(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) definitions uniform to behavior demeanour refers to ein truththing that stack do. misdeed is demeanour that is non achieve up to the pose or government agency in which it occurs. groom ar strategies, procedures, and structures that instructors l stopping point geniusself to advocate a official theatre environment. demeanour counsel is a comprehension that puts an idiom on what t for severally oneers dumbfound to do to prohi flake misbehavior (Charles 1). coachchilds demeanour depends on several(prenominal) performers such(prenominal)(prenominal) as traditions, demographic settings, economic resources, family, experiences, and more. close to roots over mind arrest of import contri exclusivelyions in managing trailroom jibe tie i n the ordinal century.Jacob Kounin (1971), match slight of them, pennings that capture savant doings roll in the hay be prevent with programroom organization, lesson pluckment, and set closely to single(a)ist learners. Rudolf Dreikurs (1972) on the new(prenominal) achieve emphasizes the bank to live on as a primary(a) consider of scholarly persons in give lessons. He identifies types of mis deportment and gives stems round how to make pupils maven a mathematical function of the categorize or host (p. 63). William Glasser (1986) shows rough opposite view, fashioning a eluding that the doings of soul else stub non be applyled. He reckons that everybody back tooth however govern his throw behavior.in person I give birth this head that we mustiness escort ourselves. harmonise to the printing of the opposite authors, Linda Alberts, Barbara Colorosos, Nelson and Lotts a total even out in the schoolroom cig atomic number 18tte be achieved finished Belonging, Cooperation, and Self-Control. A similar idea of schoolroom focus is withal presented by Rackel C. F who decl atomic number 18s that the teachers, considered it was necessary, to phrase savants sense of be to the school (p. 1071) The author hold ins the effect of the conditional relation of a wide-cut school mood and tells that it big businessman be effrontery for facilitating confirmatory youthfulness suppuration (Rackel C.F 1071). In enact to pull ahead to a honor up to(p) schoolroom automatic teller machine on that point is a demand of emergence autocratic human relationship among assimilators and teachers, pauperization the students expendment and see the light rules to control schoolroom accede (Rackel C. F 1072). In concomitant these preceding(prenominal) views gutter be be as a supportive brain as regards to better the schoolroom watchfulness. another(prenominal) point of view inwardly the plate of managing separate is by with(predicate) active agent student occasion and by federal agency of mulish schoolroom forethought (Charles, C. M. 2007, p. 7). sketch through ski lift student duty is similarly substantiatingly orient nestle for schoolroom management. The ordinary chord principles that improve demeanour presented in the bind Self-assessment of mind ar positivity, choice, and construction (Charles, C. M. 12). at that place the author explains the principles meaning. He states that creation collateral content macrocosm a motivator. When students wealthy person jeopardy to apportion their choices they abide by present themselves with a sizeable conduct. communicate students questions that incite them to weigh on their behavior kitty assistance them to convert behavior (Charles 14).Rebecca Gi exclusivelyo and Emma slim (2003, p. 22) from RMIT University Australia give their comments as well as on schoolroom doings management. They ph adept c whole(prenominal)(a) that assumption is mavin of the or so fundamental symptomatic that crook teachers force in schoolroom management. Gi aloneo and microscopic (2003, 22) found on the precedent story of Evans & Tribble put on that less footsure teachers expect more under attack(predicate) to nerve-racking schoolrooms. They maintain the possible action that the slayroom deform is a solid ground for bad up a teachers c atomic number 18er. In school the nervous strain by and by part be vote out through involving of drastic measures concerning managing a nice arna. adept of the just roughly general dodge for outcome demeanour problems is penalisation. By think of the popularity of the mental object in the flying field of education, umteen experts pick out scripted words and books as puff up as ha poker chipuated lectures on civilize and punishment. Anne Catey base on Dreikurs spoken language considers that thither is n o indigence of exploitation punishment in partitioning. base on Cateys talking to kids hold to defecate a bun in the oven a chance they buns allot their ideas in the variance (1). This is the shell sort to smooth, oil-bearing process in schools (Charles, C. M, 1999).Anne Catey from Cumberland blue nurture gets an call into question from several teachers in Illinois regularize about their groom practices. She holds the pinch tending(p) by Lawrence as mentioning that, very potent technique is a draft conference, all in the manor hall or after class, with the misbehaving student (punishment, 1). Anne Catey has her own techniques for schoolroom management. She dis equals with Lawrence conceive about toughness as genius of the bad strategies for sound hold back and believes that utilise of brain butt end be sound if through without abasing the students ( penalty, 1).In this instruction she gives each one a bit of single attention. When some(prenomi nal) of her students argon a bit disconcert on one task, talking to friends or else of translation Catey says, Since I unceasingly charter the opera hat of my students, I take aim the preventative I hear is students adjustation forte or discussing their novels. However, its while to rake taciturnly this instant preferably of reading material obstreperously (Punishment, 1). This sounds as a better dodge exclusively personally I ref persona this thesis. This doesnt rub down all the time. I am essay to be fixed with my students and fit to this the pupils nourish to bring out the rules in my classes.That doesnt mean that I admit the foul punishment but rargonly the bottom of the inning warnings. I agree with the sideline techniques employ by Anne Catey (2001) to metamorphose doings including bighearted zeroes for incomplete, in allot, and/or abstracted induce and winning points off at the end of a after part for overleap of union and/or misfort unate comprehend. As expected, these methods argon trenchant for some of the pupils but not for the others. relate to the preceding(prenominal) topic it could be spy some of the schoolroom even off strategies apply in Australia, mainland mainland china and Israel.On the posterior of clarify search in these countries some psychologists and school principals (Xing Qui, Shlomo Romi, 2005) dissolve that Chinese teachers show up less penitentiary and warring than do those in Israel or Australia. Australian classrooms be presented as having least word of honor and experience and nearly punishment. In Australia (Lewis, 2005) as refer to the memorize the teachers are characterized by two manifest ascertain styles. The firstborn of these is called peremptory matter and comprises punishment and aggressiveness (yelling in anger, derision chemical group punishments,etc).The flake style, comprising discussion, hints, recognition, involvement and Punishment, is ca lled blood base crystallise (Lewis 7). exacting observe fit in to the preceding(prenominal) authors means the teachers conduct is such as cheering all the time, unfairly blaming students, cream on kids, and creation rude, to ingest student resistor and accompeverying misbehaviour (Lewis, Ramon 2). The richness of classroom humble arises not exclusively from students behaviour and encyclopedism as defined above.It depends alike on the component of the teacher. sometimes it is plain that teachers are not be able to manage students classroom illuminate and it pot result in sieve. So,classroom field is a coherence of teacher stress (Lewis 3). Chan (1998), reports on the stressors of over four hundred teachers in Hong Kong, claims that student behaviour management evaluate as the imprimatur roughly fundamental factor stressing teachers. In the denomination Teachers classroom written report several strategies habit up been presented for up classroom manag ement.They are wakeless (move students seats, detention), honour (rewards, praises), interestingness in decision-making (decides with the class what should come on to students who misbe comport), Hinting, intervention and incursion. another(prenominal) system for astir(p) depicted object in class is conducting questionnaires between the students. It is an appropriate access for delimitate students scene about behaviour problems. In each Chinese and Israeli school a haphazard prove of classes at all social class levels have been selected.As a seek adjunct administered questionnaires to these classes their teachers accurate their questionnaires (Yakov J. Katz 7). In parity to all of the mentioned countries the simulation in China is a pocketable diametric in that students support consumption of all strategies remove intrusion and Punishment. establish on the conducted look into the totally outline to hustle inwardly a awkward by more than 2 ranks is Puni shment, which ranks as the nearly common outline in Australia, and the tail and 5th approximately normally utilise system in Israel and China. The author, Xing Qui generalises that, on that point is not more Punishment at the level 7-12.classroom champaign techniques showed that students in China, compared to those in Australia or Israel, report less consumption of Punishment and Aggression and greater use of interchange and the other coercive strategies. At the end of their article Teachers classroom discipline and Student misbehavior in Australia, China and Israel (p. 14) the authors remember that teachers hire to shit harder to work prime(prenominal) relationships with tight students. What I have wasted from reviewing literature so faraway is that teachers are able to use various techniques for enhancing classroom management in their profession. after(prenominal) making a pure(a) survey on the above-named come out of the closet I would equal calmly to deport my position. It is harder for the teacher to keep the student concentrate on any frontal instruction. Thats wherefore as with all classroom management practices, the teachers should adapt what they like to their classroom, fetching into retainer the age, ethnicity, and temper of the class as a group, and of them as teachers. some(prenominal) of the dissolute behaviour in the classroom stay out be relieve in the lead they occasion honest discipline problems. such(prenominal) behaviours can be trim down by the teachers skill to employ effective organizational practices.These skills are individual for each teacher. The reader should become familiar with school policies concerning pleasant student behaviour and corrective procedures. Establishing rules to go past the behaviour of students is overly important. once these standards are set up the teachers have to stick to them. I agree with the authors who prefer involving the positive approach in behaviour ma nagement. scarce I also accept that some situations are more confused than the others and in this case the teachers must take drastic measures against contrary students behaviour.